Showing posts with label analysis. Show all posts
Showing posts with label analysis. Show all posts

Monday, April 15, 2013

Ceremony Summary & Analysis

Leslie Marmon Silko (March 5, 1948- present)

  • Native American writer of the Laguna Pueblo tribe
  • Born in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
  • Learned traditional storytelling from her family (grandmother)
  • She is one-fourth Laguno Pueblo
Setting

  • Laguna Pueblo Reservation
  • Some parts of U.S (California)
  • Shifts from before 1942(Bataan March) to present 
Plot (divided into time frames)

  •  BEFORE THE MILITARY (childhood-enlistment)
    • Tayo is a half white and half Native American boy born to Laura
    • Laura is Native American but strays away from the culture; she was alcoholic and went out with white men
    • Before Tayo was born, Laura's sister, "Auntie" saw her walking by the river early in the morning in heels and no clothes
    • When Tayo was young, Laura died and Josiah, Tayo's uncle brought him into the family
    • Tayo can't ajust well due to the fact that he's biracial. 
    • Auntie never liked the idea of taking care of Tayo because their family gets judged enough. She never showed it in front of grandma, but made sure Tayo knew that he didn't belong here
    • Auntie didn't was her son, Rocky, to be associated with Tayo by any means.
    • Rocky and Tayo both knew, but gradually became close as they grew up. Rocky is much different from Tayo in a sense that Rocky wants to leave the reservation ASAP. 
    • Tayo was closest with Josiah and helped him and Robert (Auntie's husband) with the cattle work. He also kept Josiah's secrets about night swan (Josiah's Mexican gf) and the desert cattle
    • When a military recruiter visits the reservation, Rocky persuades Tayo and both sign up to enlist in the military
    • Harley, Emo, Pinkie, and Leroy are Tayo's childhood friends from the reservation. Emo and Tayo were never on good terms.
  • DURING DUTY
    • They must fight the Japanese, but Tayo just can't kill people.
    • Rocky dies during duty; Tayo doesn't believe that Rocky's dead and watched the Japanese soldier shoot dead Rocky
    • Tayo is held hostage in the Japanese Prison.
    • During war, he's at a point in which he was shoot the Japanese soldiers but fail to do so because he saw uncle Josiah with the Japanese. He knows that can't be possible because Josiah died at the reservation while Tayo was gone to military.
    • Tayo understands the relationship of White men and native women or any men in military wear with white women
    • Tayo also curses the rain away in the jungle and feels guilty that the six year drought at the reservation is his fault. 
    • Emo always boasts about his killings and starts conflicts with Tayo.
  • PRESENT
    • White doctors say that Tayo is struggling through PTS, however grandma disagrees and insists that he sees a medicine man
    • All the other friends are also affected but with alcohol
    • He comes back to the reservation from the white walled hospitals in California
    • He decides to help Robert out with the Cattle
    • Ku'oosh introduces Tayo to Medicine Man, Betonie
    • Tayo tells Betonie everything while Betonie share stories and the value of Ceremony
    • Betonie insists that Tayo must complete the ceremony despite the interferences
    • In order to do so Tayo goes in search of Josiah's "desert" cattle
    • The mountains are under close watch and finding the cattle is not easy
    • With the help of T'seh, Tayo ends up to his final destination, the mine safely
    • However, His friends are with Emo and he has to watch Harley get tortured by Emo. (emo's strategy to get Tayo to come out)
    • Tayo survives and finishes the Ceremony in which the drought also comes to an end.
    • Grandma believes that Tayo is a recurrence of Sun god
  • Characters
    • Tayo
      • Protagonist; struggles with identity. He is half white and half Mexican; struggles through PTS after the war and can't let go of Josiah and Rocky's death
    • Josiah
      • Tayo's favorite uncle; he was dating a mexican (night swan) Grandma and Auntie were strongly against. He dies in the middle of the story; he had the wish to start a cattle business with the "all-purpose" desert cattle
    • Auntie
      • Tayo's aunt, Rocky's mother, Josiah's sister, Robert's wife. Claims to be a christian and treats Tayo like a responsibility to get to heaven. She wants Rocky to follow his dreams and become more white. 
    • Grandma
      • Tayo's Grandma; she doesn't care if other people judge or talk about the family. She's always sleeping or quiet but is always listening
    • Rocky
      • Tayo's cousin; doesn't want to be associated with native culture in any way. dreams of being a football player and heading out to the states after school. He signs tayo and himself up for the military but ends up not returning due to death.
    • Betonie
      • Medicine man that Ku'oosh introduces. He is also of mixed race and he intimidates Tayo at first but ends up healing him and leading Tayo into the right direction of fulfilling the ceremony. 
    • Laura
      • Tayo's mother; alcoholic, prostitute? a disgrace to the family
    • Harley-> Leroy-> Pinkie and Emo
      • All Tayo's childhood friends who also enlists in the military. Emo always hated Tayo and is the last interference in Tayo's ceremony. 
  • Quotes
    • " It seems like I already heard these stories before - only thing is, the names sound different."
      • where grandma believes that Tayo is sun god and that all that he's gone through was just trial 
  • Narrative voice 
    • The narrative voice not only shifts from past to present, but just everywhere throughout the book. There are little short storytelling going on down the center of a page at an interval of every so pages and the narrative voice is never identified. Sometimes, when he/she talks about whats going on, it's a simple and straight foward, detailed explanation. However, there's times when first and second person pronouns pop up. Usually when night swan talks about her story or when Tayo is speaking. 

Saturday, March 16, 2013

week late R&G summary analysis

Tom Stoppard (1937-present)

  • British Playwright 
  • as a child, his family moved around a lot 
  • Stoppard left school at age 17 and worked as a journalist
  • Serves as on the advisory board of the magazine Standpoint 
Setting
  • woods/ forest
  • Elsinore Castle
  • boat
  • similar time frame as Hamlet 
Plot
  • Act I
    • Play opens up with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern tossing coins and getting heads each time
    • Guildenstern brings up the law of probability and more references to physics
    • Both repeatedly forget what is going on (being called by the king and their earliest memory)
    • Guildenstern is frustrated with Rosencrantz illogical comments
    • They faintly hear music and the Tragedians (players) enter
    • Tragedians offer them a show in the woods 
    • Rosencrantz shows them the coin trick, but this time, it end up tails
    • This suddenly leads both Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to Elsinore Castle where Ophelia is in act
    • Claudius and Gertrude ask them for help and to find out the core of Hamlet's madness
    • Very uncertain of what's going on, they plan and recite what they would ask Hamlet.
  • Act II
    • as they speak with Hamlet, Hamlet plays with his words and evermore confuse them
    • They get nothing out of the conversation and are left with no idea
    • Tragedians enter into the castle called by Hamlet. They prepare to preform the new script given about Claudius
    • Meanwhile, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern contemplate over the mystery of death
    • The next day, tragedians are ready and Alfred is dressed as Gertrude
    • The play is actually a story of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, but they fail to notice
    • Claudius is furious with the play of his portrayal 
    • Through the king's order, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are in search of Hamlet and where he put Polonius's body
    • They fail to catch him and instead, the guards bring Hamlet to Claudius
    • Claudius orders Ros and Guil to take Hamlet to England 
  • Act III
    • Soon, both realize that they're on a boat with Hamlet to England
    • They are unaware of what to do because Hamlet is asleep
    • they talk about how much they received from Hamlet, but Ros doesn't tell him.
    • Guil gets mad and Ros becomes sad and talk about fate
    • Guil remembers that Claudius has given them a letter and takes it out
    • the letter tells the English king to kill Hamlet
    • both are confused and feel guilty 
    • Hamlet blows out the lights and Ros and Guil are fast asleep?
    • Hamlet then switches the letter
    • In the morning, they hear the tragedian's music once again
    • The pirates attack their boat and goes into chaos
    • Hamlet is gone and Ros takes out the letter to read that they, instead of Hamlet shall be killed
    • Ros realizes that this is the end and leaves. 
    • Guil is alone and cries for Ros
    • the Story ends with all corpse on the ground
Characters
  • Rosencrantz & Guildenstern
    • both childhood friends of Hamlet
    • Each act, they're roles change
    • Guildenstern studies his life
    • Rosencrantz is carefree
    • they both forget who they are and are always uncertain over their identities
  • Player
    • seems to know and understand what's going on
    • leader of the tragedians. 
    • tragedians are a group of male actors putting on plays
  • Rest of characters are in Hamlet
Motif
  • Absurdism
    • illogical comments
    • rare connections between plots
    • repetition in dialogue between R&G
  • Identity
    • both R&G mix their identity up
    • mystery of fate
    • mystery of death
    • roles switch in each act
  • Imagination over Reality
    • coin flipping and getting heads 99 times
    • using physics to back up their uncertainty
Quotes
  • "Words, Words. They are all we have to go on" 
    • even though this play uses repetition, word play, illogical comments, words play a significant role. Through words they believe in physics even though it fails to work on them. Through words they find out their deaths. It's everything through words that the story goes on
  • "Life in a box is better than no life at all"
    • R&G debate about the mystery of life and death. The box signifies Shakespeare's boundaries with Hamlet and they realize they can't escape from it. 

Monday, January 21, 2013

Hamlet--- Summary and Analysis

William Shakespeare (1564-1616)

  • no birth records exist, only church records of baptism
  • English poet and playwright
  • married to a woman named Anne Hathaway
  • had a son named Hamnet (I thought it was interesting how it sounded like Hamlet)
  • wasn't as famous until the 19th century
  • christian; he was buried in the Holy Trinity Church
Setting
  • Denmark
  • Elsinore Castle
  • Graveyard
  • Gertrude's bedroom; Closet, which actually was a private intimate space
    • Time: late medieval period
Plot

  • Act I
    • While guarding the Elsinore Castle, Marcellus and Bernardo see a ghost that appears like past King Hamlet and tells Horatio.
    • Horatio agrees that the ghost resembles dead King Hamlet and tries to speak with it, but no answer is heard
    • Meanwhile, King Claudius, past King Hamlet's brother takes the throne and claims to take Gertrude, his brother's wife as his wife.
    • Prince Hamlet is still bitter and mourns for his father's death while Laertes claims to leave to France. 
    • Claudius starts to act as a father to Hamlet and tells Hamlet to stay in the castle, for he is the next king.
    • Hamlet is in great grief over his father's death and his mother's remarriage and desires to end his life until Horatio tells him about the ghost
    • In the Meantime, as Laertes is getting ready to leave, he insists his sister, Ophelia, to stop loving Hamlet. 
    • Ophelia's father, Polonius becomes aware of Ophelia and Hamlet's relationship and forbids their love because Hamlet is in higher rank and he will not keep his promise and Ophelia obeys.
    • Hamlet finally appears in front of the ghost and is told about his father's death. He also receives an order to seek revenge on Claudius who killed him. 
    • Hamlet swears to do so, and tells no one. The ghost only talked to Hamlet. 
  • Act II
    • Polonius sends a messenger to France to spy on his son Laertes.
    • As Ophelia enters and tells him about Hamlet's visit, Polonius decides to tell the King and Queen about Hamlet's emotional state
    • Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Hamlet's childhood friends, arrive from their college upon the King and Queens order.
    • They are ordered to find out what Hamlet is actually thinking and what is bothering him and to cheer him up
    • Polonius enters with great news from surrounding countries. He then talks about Hamlet and Ophelia's relationship showing them Hamlet's love letters.
    • Polonius and the King and Queen come up with a plan to see how Hamlet confronts Ophelia when no one is present. 
    • Rosencrantz and Guilderstern first confront Hamlet, but Hamlet's notices that the King and Queen sent them, they admit it and can't get anything out of him.
    • Soon after, the players for the play have arrived, and Hamlet is fond of them more than ever.
  • Act III
    • Upon Rosencrantz and Guildenstern's message, the King and Queen agree to watch the play.
    • Meanwhile, King Queen, and Polonius decide to use the plan.
    • As Hamlet states the famous "To be, or not to be" speech, he concerns or death and is having trouble distinguishing the ghost as temptation or truly his father's spirit.
    • As Ophelia approaches, Hamlet shows disgust and anger. 
    • The king and queen both agree that Hamlet's madness is not caused by his love for Ophelia
    • Polonius asks once more to spy on Hamlet. They arrange to send Hamlet in Gertrude's room after the play where Polonius will hide and listen.
    • The play is about to begin and Hamlet insists them to weave the new story he has written in the play without making it obvious.
    • As the play opens up, Hamlet continues to taunt Opehlia and embarrass her. 
    • His plan is to see how Claudius reacts to the new scene (scene where a brother kills the king to receive the throne). 
    • Once that scene is shows, Claudius becomes furious and leaves, in which Hamlet is now sure that what the ghost said is true.
    • The King order Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to take Hamlet back to England and Polonius comes in to remind him about the plan
    • Polonius tells Hamlet that the queen is waiting for him at her room to talk. 
    • As Hamlet makes his way to kill Claudius and go talk to the queen, he sees that Claudius is praying. Hamlet knows that the murder will not benefit him, for Claudius just repented his sins and decides not to.
    • Hamlet makes his way into Gertrude's room and is furious of all the actions Gertrude has done and makes her feel guilty for past King Hamlet. 
    • As Gertrude cannot take it any longer, she asks for help and Polonius comes out of the curtains. Thinking that it is Claudius, Hamlet desperately stabs and kills him.
    • Hamlet shows no regret to his action and leaves with Polonius's body
  • Act IV
    • Gertrude hurries on to Claudius and tells him of everything that happened with her and Hamlet
    • They both agree to send Hamlet off to exile in England and call for Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to find out where Hamlet put the dead body
    • Hamlet refuses to say and allows them to take him to the King
    • The King explains of Polonius's death and plan to send Hamlet off. Before leaving, Hamlet mentions that the location of the body and agrees to leave.
    • Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are ordered to kill Hamlet.
    • Meanwhile Horatio convinces Gertrude to talk to Ophelia
    • Ophelia is in her sleep clothing and has gone mad in front of the king and queen.
    • Once Ophelia leaves, Laertes arrive with a armed force to kill Claudius for his father's death
    • The king and queen reveal that it wasn't Claudius, but Hamlet. Laertes also encounters his sister has gone crazy.
    • Claudius asks Laertes to meet him in private and discuss the things that have happened
    • Claudius then receives a letter stating that Hamlet is not dead and that will be arriving the next day
    • Claudius and Laertes plan a scheme to kill Hamlet
    • Gertrude then enters with news to Laertes that Ophelia has drowned herself 
  • Act V
    • As the gravediggers are preparing a burial for Ophelia, they argue if Ophelia has the right to be buried with christian burial
    • Hamlet and Horatio appear behind and soon find out that Ophelia is the women getting buried
    • unable to control his frustration, Hamlet runs out to the King, Queen and Laertes proclaiming about how much he loved her
    • After Hamlet leaves, he tells Horatio how he survived through the pirates and Claudius' plan to kill him
    • Meanwhile, Osric comes in with a message from Claudius. Osric flatter Hamlet and then talks about how good Laertes fencing skills are to get Hamlet Jealous.
    • Hamlet does not get jealous, but still accepts to fence with Laertes.
    • Laertes and Claudius have poisoned the drink and the sword and put pearls in the drink to kill Hamlet. 
    • Once Hamlet and Laertes begin to fight, Hamlet sincerely apologizes and Laertes is not sure if he wants to kill Hamlet. 
    • As Hamlet receives the first victory, Gertrude drinks the wine even after Claudius said not to and dies. 
    • In the meantime, Laertes and Hamlet is already poisoned by the sword and Hamlet also murders Claudius
    • Horatio says that he will follow Hamlet's death, but Hamlet doesn't allow him to.
    • After the deaths, Fortinbras attacks and takes control of Denmark, Hamlet is the only one Fortinbas allow for burial. 

Significant Characters:

  • Hamlet
    • Protagonist
    • Prince of Denmark
    • Son of present Queen Gertrude and late King Hamlet
    • Studies at University of Wittenberg 
    • Has mixed feelings about the ghost
    • Plans to revenge King Claudius
    • Throughout the play, Hamlet begins to trust no one.
    • He is very witty, sarcastic, and bitter
    • Had a love relationship with Ophelia  
  • Claudius
    • Present King of Denmark
    • Uncle to Hamlet
    • Married his brother's wife, Hamlet's mother, Gertrude
    • Assumed to have poisoned his brother/late king.
    • Tries to kill Hamlet towards the latter Acts.
    • Very ambitious and fake
  • Gertrude
    • Queen of Denmark
    • Prince Hamlet's mother
    • Re-married to present King Claudius
    • Thrives to keep her status 
    • Gertrude doesn't decide or have a say in anything
    • Lonely
  • Ghost
    • Resembles past King Hamlet
    • Only seen by Marcellus, Bernardo, Horatio and Hamlet
    • Only talks with Hamlet
    • Asks Hamlet to revenge Claudius for his death
    • Claims to have been poisoned by Claudius
    • Appears once in a while to Hamlet to remind him about the revenge
    • Never sure if it actually exists, or it was a temptation
  • Horatio
    • Friend of Hamlet
    • Also studies at University of Wittenberg
    • Only person Hamlet trusts throughout the play, although Hamlet's trust is questioned by critics
    • One of the first people to see the ghost
    • The one who ends up telling the story of Hamlet
    • Skeptical about the ghost
  • Ophelia
    • Polonius's daughter
    • Status doesn't meet Hamlet's status
    • Hamlet's love (?)
    • Desperate to get Hamlet back
    • Described as lovely, pretty, beautiful
    • Obedient to her father and brother, Laertes
    • Assumed to have been pregnant with Hamlet's child
  • Polonius
    • Lord Chamberlain (noble) of Claudius
    • Father of Laertes and Ophelia
    • Manipulative and controlling
    • ambitious for power
  • Laertes
    • Son of Polonius and older brother of Ophelia
    • Apparently really good at fighting (fencing).
    • He is sent to France majority of the play
    • serves as a foil to Hamlet, who has a contemplative behavior
    • towards the end, Laertes revenges for his sister and father's death
Shakespeare's Style:
  • Motif
    • Recurring biblical references: 
      • Hamlet refers to a husband and wife as one flesh. 
      • the cock crowing three times is similar to the ghost's appearances
      • Polonius's act as Julius Caesar 
      • the murder of Claudius's brother, King Hamlet also refers to Cain and Abel
    • Betrayal
      • Rosencrantz and Guildenstern betray the childhood friendship and try to lead Hamlet to death
      • Gertrude betrays her son, Hamlet and tells Claudius what happened in her room and how Hamlet killed Polonius.
      • Claudius betrays his brother and takes his throne
      • Claudius betrays Hamlet, and makes it look like he's sent to England, but is ordered to be killed
    • Uncertainty
      • Polonius is very uncertain about Hamlet's love for Ophelia in which he continues to spy on
      • King and Queen are uncertain of Hamlet's madness
      • Hamlet is uncertain to which he should believe the ghost or not
  • Imagery
    • Hamlet's description by Ophelia
    • Description of the ghost's appearance
    • using metaphors to depict an emotional state
  • Tone
    • revenge, madness tone in Laertes and Hamlet
    • witty and sarcasm in Hamlet's madness
    • convincing/ persuasive tone from Claudius or Polonius
    • Uncertainty 
Quotes:
  • "To be or not to be" soliloquy
    • The moment Hamlet can't decide if the ghost is right or wrong. He stumbles across dying because everything would be over, and no one would have to worry about anything. (one of the most famous quotes in literature)

Monday, December 3, 2012

Death of a Salesman-- Summary & Analysis

Arthur Miller (1915-2005:

  • American Playwright and Essayist.
  • Wrote numerous famous plays: Death of Salesman, Crucible, All my sons
  • Three marriages:  Inge Morath, Marilyn Monroe, Mary Slattery
  • attended University of Michigan
Setting:

  • Willy's home: kitchen, bedroom, garden/yard
  • Howard & Charlie's office
  • Hotel room
  • Restaurant
Plot:

  • Willy is a Salesman who lives with his wife and sons in the suburb region of New York.
  • Willy works on commission, but none of his sons know.
  • Willy and his sons were "best buds" in the past, but after Biff found out about Willy's affair, he quit football & summer school and left to the west; they are not in good terms.
  • He misses Biff when Biff is out west for his own good, but do not get along when Biff comes home.
  • Willy does not believe in the opportunities in the West and wants both his sons to work in the Business world
  • Every so often Ben, Willy's brother appears as an illusion/ past memory and persuades Willy to do things Linda is against: leave to Alaska, die for insurance money
  • When Biff realizes that Willy is acting weird and odd, he decided to listen to Willy and go into business with the help of Oliver
  • As Willy finds this out, he decides to ask his Boss, Howard, to keep his traveling close-by. Howard neglects Willy and fires him.
  •  Willy usually asks Charlie, his friend, for money but rejects his help to provide him a job due to his pride. 
  • Willy and his sons plan to meet at Frank Chop's restaurant and there, he finds out that Biff's meeting with Oliver failed. Willy continues to blame everyone else of his wrong doings and his sons leave him alone at the restaurant while Willy has a flashback of his affair.
  • throughout the story, Linda continuously supports Willy. As she finds out what happens, she is outraged and the family argument starts. 
  • Biff yells out his mind while Willy continually denies his fault; Linda does not know about the affair nor why they are always fighting. 
  • at the end of the argument, Ben appears for the last time and persuades him to leave for his family. In the end, Willy follows Ben and gets into a "accident" and Linda is able to free her family from house payments with the insurance money.
  • The last scene is at Willy's grave. Linda is still uncertain about her feelings and audience question her character of loving Willy so dearly.

Characters:

  • Willy Loman(60)
    • Salesman (doesn't specify what he sells, but started because of an old man)
    • Father of Biff and Happy
    • Had several affairs
    • travels long distance for work
    • works on commission
    • attempts to suicide (rubber hose, accidents)
    • has false dreams for himself and Biff
    • illusions of Ben & past memories are played out in Willy's point of view
  • Linda Loman
    • Willy's wife; Biff and Happy's mother
    • loves Willy to the extreme
    • Appears strong on the outside but fragile inside
    • (story doesn't mention if she knows about Willy's affairs)
    • indirectly manipulative (she decided Willy to stay and not follow Ben)
    • main woman in the story
  • Biff Loman(~30)
    • first son of Willy and Linda
    • only one in the story that knows about his father's affair
    • football player
    • habit of stealing
    • ends up not going to college; he goes out west and works on a farm
    • one in the play that doesn't chase after false dreams
    • short-tempered
  • Happy Loman (>/=30)
    • rarely serious
    • "Willy Jr."
    • goes along with whoever and whatever
    • has many girls 
    • also has false dreams
    • lies to cover up
    • stayed home while Biff was out west
    • doesn't really know family situation
  • Charlie
    • neighbor
    • only friend of Willy
    • knows Willy very well
    • father of Bernard
    • owns a business
    • Willy gets money from Charlie, but doesn't want his help at the same time
  • Bernard 
    • Same age as Biff
    • nerd at school
    • "liked, but not well liked"
    • he's the one that becomes successful
    • doesn't know why Biff quit going to college
    • lawyer(?) (mentioned supreme court)
  • Howard
    • Willy's boss
    • much younger than Willy
    • fires Willy
    • He indirectly insults Willy 
    • looks down on women
  • Ben (~16/17 years older than Willy)
    • Older brother of Willy
    • appears in Willy's memories and illusions
    • left home to search for his father in Alaska but ended up in Africa?
    • went into the jungle & came out rich
    • leads Willy to die for insurance at the end
Author's Style:

  • Symbolism
    • Stockings: betrayal; Willy gives stockings to The Woman while Linda sews her old stockings together. Biff sees the affair and cries that "Dad gave mommy's stockings"
    • Seeds: represents Willy himself. When nothing's planted, he also sees that his bearings (sons) weren't raised well. It also shows that Willy is better off with his hands than selling.
    • House: captivity; Linda and Willy always worry about how much money is short to pay for mortgage. They find freedom when it becomes theirs
    • Brand-names: symbolizes the American Dream. Materialistic and Capitalistic; no one cares what their made of, as long as it's famous and looks good (appearance)
    • Diamonds: wealth that Willy desires but is never able to achieve.
  • Point of View
    • No particular narrative voice throughout the play, but Willy's past memories play a role in the point of view. Most of the plot evolves around Willy: Willy's work, affair, sons, wife, and dream. At some parts of the play, we can see Biff and Linda's emotional thoughts subtly . It's safe to say that audience see everything else according to Willy's thoughts and attitude.
  • Imagery
    • kitchen setting with appliances
    • Biff's sneakers printed with Virginia
    • Biff's promise to make a touchdown and lift his helmet for Willy
    • detailed description from Linda about the rubber hose in the basement
    • description of Hotel scene
    • Willy's graveyard
  • Tone
    • sympathetic: The main idea of DOS is Willy's false materialistic dream. people are able to sympathize with Willy as he feels abandoned even though at times, (I think he deserved it). 
    • ridicule/ mocking: We can see the unrealistic dreams and desires Willy is holding on to. At times, characters in the play such as Howard is shown mocking Willy indirectly.
    • Sincerity: Biff knows what his father's desires are and how pathetic Willy sounds. Audience see the sincerity in Biff when he decides to work as a salesman and when he cries in Willy's arms. Linda is also very sincere with her love for Willy throughout the story.
Theme:
  • American Dream/Materialistic/ Betrayal: Willy's dream and the importance of brand names, appearance, and social relations all relate to the idealistic american dream. Betrayal is another theme in DOS because it is an ongoing trend. Linda was betrayed by Willy with his affairs and Willy also feels betrayed by his sons, who don't listen to him and his father and brother Ben who left him at such an early age. Something realistic that Willy cannot cope with. 

Wednesday, October 24, 2012

The American Dream -- Summary & Analysis

Edward Albee (1928-present): 

  • American playwright, known for Zoo Story and other famous plays.
  • According to Albee, his adoptive parents did not agree with his idea of becoming a writer
  • believes that he is "a writer that happens to be gay, not a gay writer"
  • wrote over 30 plays
Setting: 

  • Living room of an apartment
  • (daddy is rich according to mommy) probably not too small or ghetto in any way
Plot:
    As the play opens up, mommy and daddy are in the living room complaining about how their guest is late. While waiting, mommy talks about the terrible scene she made purchasing different hats. Grandma walks in with multiple boxes neatly wrapped, but no one cares what's inside them. Mommy neglects grandma and daddy remains submissive. Finally the Mrs. Barker arrives; grandma continues to act like a child, and nobody knows why she's here. Small conflicts arise between mommy and Mrs. Barker. Grandma makes fun of mommy while mommy continues to treat daddy and grandma as her possession  After much talking, mommy insists that she go and look for things that daddy obviously cannot find. Watching this, grandma decides to tell Mrs. Barker about the "bumble of joy" and why she's here. More about the past is revealed and soon, a Young Man appears at the doorstep. He has a perfect mid-western look and outward appearance. Young Man shares his story about his incompleteness, and grandma says he's the American Dream. Grandma leaves as the family meet the Young Man. The "bumble" that mommy and daddy mutilated is replaced with the Young Man. 

Characters: 


  • Mommy
    • controlling and manipulative
    • masculine
    • only cares about the appearance
    • sees everything as her possession
    • usually angry
  • Daddy
    • submissive towards mommy
    • agrees to each character
    • has feminine aspects
  • Grandma
    • witty (the only one who actually knows what's going on)
    • acts childish in front of others
    • "old America"
    • mommy's mother
    • avoids and fears the van man at first, but decides to leave at the end
  • Mrs.Barker
    • professional woman
    • works for the adoption center
    • doesn't remember the family, but grandma remembers her
    • husband's status/illness is her weakness
  • Young Man
    • "new america"
    • twin of the "bumble"
    • emotionally incomplete
    • perfect outward appearance
    • only appears at the end of the play
Author's Style:

  • SYMBOLISM
    • neatly wrapped boxes- grandma's "old america" belongings. No one cares about the interior of the boxes and only see the outer appearance. 
    • mommy's hat & mutilated baby- seen as possession and can be replaced at mommy's will-- consumerism/materialism
  • POINT OF VIEW
    • there is no narrative voice, but all characters are consumed of selfishness. They all care about what satisfies them at the moment. Women seem to be more controlling and masculine in this play. Everyone is lost and blind from reality; no one can find the obvious things in the small apartment and Mrs. Barker doesn't know why she's there.
  • IMAGERY
    • most vivid imagery is the setting and how mommy and daddy are sitting in the living room.
    • the different colored hats between mommy and Mrs. Barker
    • Baby mutilation
  • TONE
    • Albee uses sarcasm and witty remarks with grandma. 
    • Hyperbole is shown between female characters' response.
    • serious tone when Young Man talks about his emotional incompleteness 
    • few shifts in tone
Theme:

  • earning satisfaction at the moment - Albee's idea of the American Dream is much different from the past. People immigrated to America with hopes of better lives and knew their reasons. In this case, the American Dream is too materialistic and focused on satisfaction. No one knows what's going on and they see the covered up "best" of all things. Characters treat each other as possession and none of their emotion or logic is real. 

Tuesday, August 21, 2012

Me Talk Pretty One Day



     If Michael Harvey were to have read David Sedaris' essay, "Me Talk Pretty One Day," he would be surprised at how his key points in The Nuts and Bolts of College Writing were used; the clarity, flow and concision that the essay portrays makes Sedaris a "good writer that sees their words from the reader's perspective," allowing the readers to hear his tone (Harvey, 10). 

     Concision is something writers lack because it "can make us feel exposed," but if writers can eliminate the fat,  "it makes the prose easier to read and understand" and that is just what Sedaris did (Harvey,1). None of his sentences were flat or full of big words that overwhelms the reader, "I’ve moved to Paris with hopes of learning the language...the students exhibited an ease and confidence that I found intimidating," he exposes himself just enough so that we, as readers feel unlike complete strangers (Sedaris, 11). But does he sound passive at all? Harvey emphasizes that the challenge to concision doesn't rely on "long versus short," rather, it "says something concrete and informative" (Harvey, 9). Think about it-- a five year old can write a short and blunt sentence without bulky words. Is it concise though? Sedaris proves that he is concise with unusual, but strong verbs weaved throughout his texts. "proceeded to rattle off a series of administrative announcements...Her rabbity mouth huffed for breath..." announce versus rattled or took another breath versus huffed for breath, i think Sedaris wins (Sedaris, 11-12). 

     I've never thought that clarity and concision were different. In fact, I would switch those two words based on how they sounded with my context, which leads to Harvey's second topic: clarity. There are numerous questions a writer should ask themselves. "Have I explained enough so that she knows what I'm talking about? Is my evidence persuasive?" is a couple out of the many that Harvey states (Harvey, 10). All these questions have something in common, that is, does the reader truly understand my writing. To find out, a writer must stick to the "basic pattern, who does/did what" and logically support it (Harvey, 11). In "Me Talk Pretty One Day" two main ideas are clear. (a) Everyone studying abroad in France with Sedaris is struggling with the language. (b) The teacher is ill-tempered, "Her temperament was not based on a series of good and bad days but, rather, good and bad moments" (Sedaris, 13). I know this because Sedaris is clear with who-does-what. Who? The students. Does? struggle. What? fluent French. Again, who? The teacher. Does? accuse, yell, rage at students. What? lessons. So how does Sedaris show clarity through it? Well, his 'who-does-what' doesn't change throughout the story--it's persistent. Even until his last paragraph, where Sedaris is astonished at the fact that he understands, he doesn't write that his teacher was actually a great teacher nor does he share that his classmates are fluent in French. He pushes through with clarity from his observation in the beginning. 

     Aside from concision and clarity, there is another connection between The Nuts and Bolts of College Writing and "Me Talk Pretty One Day"; Sedaris' essay has a good flow. According to Harvey, "a good essay unfolds like a story," with the beginning, ending, an interesting plot, and a prose to the essay, "Me Talk Pretty One Day" unfolds just like a story (Harvey, 23). Sedaris' essay not only is like a story helping readers to understand better, but it also contains other aspects that Harvey thinks contributes to flow. For instance, his essay consists of natural conjunctions and linking words which provides a smooth and easy read. In addition, Sedaris' "humble pronouns and other pointers permit powerful effect" (Harvey, 26). Humble pronouns are short words that relate to something known, such as "Next came a beautiful young Yugoslav who identified herself as an optimist, saying that she loved everything that life had to offer," in which the small pronouns contribute to the flow of the sentence (Sedaris, 12). As readers, we enjoy reading what we could possibly relate to and more often than not, those are stories; "Me Talk Pretty One Day" doesn't carry a dramatic tone, but is abundant with Harvey's points of good flow. 

     After reading these two texts, "Me Talk Pretty One Day" coincides well with Harvey's Nuts and Bolts of College Writing. Even though they were written towards different audience and the writing pieces are much different from each other, they both contain what seems to be a good writer. Michael Harvey and David Sedaris are writers who write with clarity, flow and concision for the sake of their readers. In both of works, readers will be able to see an "essay like personality, hangs together through a delicate balance of forces; ... clear but not empty, thoughtful but down-to-earth, strong minded but fair minded" (Harvey, ix).